ChristEd

A PhD in Theology and Apologetics can improve both your career as pastor and the welfare of your ministry. It can help you develop abilities and knowledge needed to influence society. With the apologetics approach, you'll be able to answer questions that can strengthen the faith of your ministry. As a bearer of PhD in Theology and Apologetics, a person can teach at a university or disseminate useful information as a professional minister or pastor. You'll learn more about the faith and the knowledge needed to defend it. The bearer of the degree can advance their religious careers. You can work as a church administrator or as the leader of a ministry. There are several online universities that offer...

Finding God's Grace through Suffering, Distress, and Frustrations David Arnold offers the reader help in understanding "Why Do Bad Things Happen to Good People." His book is filled with a remarkable compilation of intensely stirring stories and inspiring quotes that give evidence of the truth of God's blessing on the life of his children during times of disillusionment, hardship, and strife. Arnold illustrates ways that sometimes explain why bad things come into the lives of good people because of godliness, external circumstances, or willful disobedience. He maintains that often there are lessons God wants us to learn. These may deal with feeling compassion, recognizing pride or growing in humility...

Insights into the Operations and Funding of Nonprofit Organizations Marshall McNott in his new book "Nonprofit Nonsense and Common Sense" has provided a valuable service to the Leadership Staff and Board of Directors of Nonprofit organizations, to the supporters of these programs, and to Foundations considering applications for grants. McNott has chosen to use composite examples and sometimes fictional illustrations to provide suggestions for successful guidelines and principles. He begins by providing donors with "enlightenment questions" to ask. I appreciated Marshall's candid approach in guiding the reader through the many sides of fundraising, motivation, ethics of stewardship and absolute...

Statistics show that more families than ever before are choosing to homeschool their children. Homeschooling offers the advantages of flexibility and increased attention for each child. After all, a parent gets to spend a great deal of time with each child. A teacher has to divide his or her attention between twenty or thirty children who all have different needs. Homeschooling takes different forms in different families, but most focus on learning as a lifestyle rather than as something that only happens at a desk during school hours. Because of this many homeschooling families look for unique ways to kick off their school year since they often lack the fanfare of "back to school" time that public...

Surrendering Your Isaac on the Altar A midnight phone call alerted Carol and Gene Kent that their only son, Jason Paul, had been arrested for first degree murder. "When I Lay My Isaac Down" is the story of their desperate response to this shocking news. Carol is clearly and openly communicates the pain they suffered through this tragedy. Feelings of hurt, shame, guilt, and unspeakable horror left them devastated. A support group of "stretcher bearers" surrounded them with prayer, offered words of encouragement words of comfort, and in very real practical way helped, Carol, Gene, Jason Paul, and his wife April work through their sorrow and the sense of bereavement. Carol's writing resonates with...

The Bible is constantly telling us how to think and what to think on because it is for our benefit to be thinking upon good things. Thinking upon the right things leads us to right living. Thinking about positive things leads us into living a positive life. Thinking about good things attracts good things into our life and the opposite of course is also true. This is great news for you if you are currently in a state of unhappiness because all you have to do is change your thinking to Biblical thinking to start seeing happiness in your life. The following scripture clearly tells us where our focus should be. Colossians 3:1-2 If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where...

The Chaplain provides a vital part of the whole process within the law enforcement community. The primary goal of the prison Chaplain is to provide Pastoral care to the inmate. The Chaplain becomes pastor to the inmates as well as their teacher in spiritual matters. This important aspect incorporates areas of spiritual, moral and emotional development for the incarcerated. Achievement in these areas will help to insure the future success of offender as a productive member of the community at large. The Chaplain must integrate these tools for change into the programs inaugurated. He will provide comprehensive services to all inmates in the various facilities assigned to him within its parameters of...

A Journey In Search of Self Cora Alyce Seaman writes with feeling as she takes the reader back in time to the early years of the twentieth century and escorts them through to the mid-century point. "Emily's Quest" is a remarkable story. It is the fictional life of Emily Whitfield Carmichael. During her young childhood Emily's parents are the fatal victims of a flu epidemic. Shortly after their death Emily is separated from her twin sister Charlotte. Emily is faced with the realization that she has become the victim of her circumstances. Emily's earliest years were spent in a coal mining town in Pennsylvania. As a new bride, right out of high school, Emily and her husband move to a small mountain...

An American Legacy of Courage, Faith, and Freedom Larkin Spivey has captured the essence of the intent of the "Battlefields & Blessings" series in this masterpiece of historical significance and devotional excellence. "Stories of Faith and Courage from World War II" is packed with patriotism in the midst of battle and is filled with rich poignant inspiring stories. Spivey's years of experience as an officer in the Marine Corps, his training and a long time professional interest in military history provide him with the insight, credentials, and a wealth of detailed background information to take the challenge to author this momentous work. The stories compiled in this book reveal the stamina...

Key Principles to Healthy Eating Approaching a stage in life when exercising discipline in good choices is becoming a mandate and not an option for me, Dr. Don Colbert's new book "Eat This and Live!" provides me with the keys to making right choices. Similar to his approach in his earlier New York Times best selling "The Seven Pillars of Health" this work focuses on anti-aging alternatives, nutritional, and preventative medicine. The mouth watering color photos of attractive and enticing foods portray good and bad choices from every food group. These powerful pictures convince the reader to engage in and adapt the sound advice offered by Dr. Colbert in this intriguing guidebook. Dr. Colbert...

If you are going homeschool your children through high school, you have to know a little bit about the nonfiction expository writing students must do and the terms used to discuss it. Writing is a complex skill made up of a series of simpler skills performed performed in rapid succession or simultaneously. Skills apply knowledge in a hands-on, demonstrable way. An example of a how someone learns a familiar complex skill will help you understand the best way of learning writing skill. Trevor wanted to drive a car. Before he could take driving lessons, he had to learn a few rules of the road, pass a written test, and get his learner's permit. Trevor took drivers' ed in school, but he didn't just...

Making Choices Will Improve Your Health, Environment, and Relationships World acclaimed leader, Dr. Halanna Matthew, known for her work in the field of fasting and rejuvenation, bases her book "The Fast Way to Heal for Life" on the premise that healing power comes from within and although old age is inevitable, disease is not. Dr. Matthew warns of the dangers toxic infusion has created in our environment through the use of chemical fertilizers, food preservatives which result in mal-metabolism, and the introduction of medical remedies using toxic drugs. Matthew advocates the restoration of health and prevention of disease through the natural law of nutrition, fasting, exercise, sleep, as well as...

Let's take a look at our list of the top 5 benefits of homeschooling: #1: Student to Teacher Ratio Can you even imagine getting all the attention you need from your teacher in a public school? No way, you would often be left alone to deal with things and struggle to keep up with the ace in case you are being left behind. The classrooms are getting more crowded and competition for attention from the teachers is getting fiercer. Even the teachers are getting stressed out these days. With homeschooling, the teacher to student ratio is literally unmatched. #2: Customization It is easy to customize the study to meet your specific goals and the individual learning style of your child. If your child has...

Education is paramount to a person's future success, and parents who appreciate this fact often wonder how they can increase their child's chances of success academically, thereby increasing their chances of success in life as an adult. Whether a child attends school in a traditional public school setting, in a private or parochial setting, or is home-schooled, many will benefit from a new point-of-view or teaching style in a certain subject. Enter the home tutor. If you are already considering being a home tutor, then presumably you already meet the first criteria, a love for and desire to teach. It should go without saying that if you do not enjoy guiding a child through a subject matter or...

Have you ever seen someone go down the wrong path or street? I bet you wanted to yell, "Stop!" The truth is, there are millions of people going the wrong way everyday. Instead, they should be heading toward Jesus who is the only way to the right way. Do your kids know that they can take part in helping lead their friends away from the wrong way? James 5:20 says this: "Anyone who brings a sinner back from the wrong way will save that sinner's soul from death." This is a pretty strong verse with a strong message. But elementary kids are ready to understand that death is real and there is a wrong and right way. Why not try playing this fun Bible school activity to help your kids understand this...

Once your homeschool child reaches the high school level, it is time to learn how to make a high school transcript for them. This is especially important if your child is planning to attend college. Fortunately, making this type of transcript isn't difficult to create as long as you are organized. What You'll Need In order to make a homeschool high school transcript you will need: - Records and grades for each high school course - A word processing program Creating The Chart You will want to start off with a simple chart that is divided into both sections and columns. Divide the sections into the child's age, grade level and the year in which they accomplished the work. Other information that is...

Laptops for children are mainly manufactured to enhance learning as well as provide entertainment. Are these units as costly as mainstream computers? Kids' portable computers need not be expensive at all. Here are some toy systems that you can get your children which are absolutely fun and educational. They are not meant to replace actual computer experience though. These toys have gray scale LCD screens and operate on batteries. The GeoSafari Kids' Laptop doesn't have an actual screen but has games similar to other toys like this. It features trivia games and interactive lessons on topics like animals, history, sports, math and science. The games come with several options like multi-player modes so...

Not long ago our Online Think Tank tackled some of the criticism coming from teachers and College Professors about Home Schooled kids. One College Professor stated that academically they were a mixed bag. Some were extremely well schooled and others had problems in some subjects. However as one 17 year veteran college professor put it; they ALL had social deficiencies. Of course the college professor did admit that she had not taught for about 20 years. Other more recent teachers although they did not approve of home-schooling did not give home schooling kids such a low report card on social skills. All these are indeed, interesting insights. Because it seems that Home Schoolers are more organized...

As your child goes through his school years, he needs all the help he can get, and a portion of that assistance can be given by tutors. This applies to all children regardless of what level of learning there is, whether he learns fast or is having slight difficulty catching up in school. Getting a home tutor for your child can offer many benefits, even for you as the parent. For starters, because you may be busy with work and are away from home at significant hours of the day, you are likely to not have full time to monitor your child's school work. Hiring a tutor to do that allows you to maintain your current work schedule, and at the same time, keep an eye on your child's progress through your...

Skipping a grade may be a good option for some parents, while some may see it as short cutting a child's education. This is a big decision, one that should consider if a child is ready to adjust to a new environment, where he or she may be the youngest in the class. Skipping a grade usually happens during elementary or middle school and should only be done if a child is willing to do so. First of all, consult the school's guidance counselor to know more about the process, and to assess if your child deserves to be accelerated. Usually, schools have a set of guidelines, such as testing procedures to check if the child deserves to skip a grade because of academic excellence. The regulations differ...

The entire world revolves around science. Learning and gathering information about nature and testing different theories is fun for all ages. The great thing about science projects is they are not just for older kids. Many kids start these projects as early as 1st or 2nd grade and continue all through high school. There are many different areas that can be explored in science. There is life science, earth science, physical science and many more areas. Being creative and having a great learning experience can help with social skills, testing skills, and motor skills for kids of all ages. When starting science projects with younger kids, the focus needs to be more on tactile subjects like bubbles...

Holding a Kindergarten graduation ceremony is a fairly new practice, but lots of fun for children, parents and teachers. Here are some tips for putting together a graduation event for Kindergarten students. Wardrobe: Have children dress in one color scheme. For example, everyone would wear blue and white. This is not as formal or costly as a gown that will never be used again. Graduation caps can be made from cardboard paper as part of a class project. Ceremony: Create a PowerPoint slide listing each child's name, photo, hobbies, and favorite subject in school. Playing with blocks or gym is perfectly acceptable. Enlist the teacher to read each slide aloud. As the teacher is reading about a child...

It is very true that stacking blocks for toddlers are considered to be old school and out of style. However that is far from the facts, just take a look in millions of homes around the world. As a matter of fact toy blocks are as popular as ever. They may not be as fancy as today's video games, electronic toys and computers, but they have definitely stood the test of time. What many average people fail to realize is how important toy blocks are to child development. There are a few things that these age old toys can help your child develop. They can help develop: 1 - spatial skills 2 - social skills 3 - motor skills and hand-eye coordination 4 - language skills 5 - creative problem-solving skills...

In every movie or television series, Daddy or Mommy always reads a bedtime story before the little ones go to bed. Evenings will not end unless children are tucked in bed a little after dinner, then Mommy or Daddy opens a book or her memory bank to pick up a story to read or tell for the night. By doing so, Daddy and Mommy are following an age-old tradition. Storytelling was one of the earliest forms of teaching and encouraging children. Storytelling improves a child's creativity as they hear a story without the pictures and the graphics, so they train their mind to come up with their own images of what they hear. Ask them to illustrate how Cinderella or Snow White looks, and they will all give you...

More and more parents are teaching their children how to use mind maps. Many children are already learning this in school. Yet for those children who do not learn this in school the parents need to take responsibility and teach their children how to mindmap. Here are some practical pointers when learning your child to mindmap. Make it fun The first thing you should do is make it fun for your child to make mind maps. They already have to study and do all kinds of projects for school. Learning something new, like mind mapping, should not be something that they see as a chore. They can work much longer on things which are fun and help them. Don't explain too much We as adults usually tend to over...

Not every parent looks forward to school science fair projects. But then there are some parents who find it fascinating and look forward to it every year. Children need to keep in mind that it's their project. So parents will have to refrain from jumping in there and completing it for your child. The most interesting projects are from the elementary school with first grade boys and girls coming up with project titles on a multitude of subjects. As far as school science fair projects, what fair would be complete without a demonstration on the eruption of a volcano? A real easy one is made with baking soda and vinegar. How about an edible Cassini Space Craft for an astronomy project made from an ice...

If you are willing to teach your baby math at such a young age, you must be a loving and dedicated parent. In order to make sure your baby is not stressed when learning math, many special programs were created to make learning easier. There are many ways to help your baby learn math. But why do things the hard way when there is a simpler way. Read on to see just how easy teaching math can be. A great way to teach your baby is to make learning fun! You could use materials that have bright colors or play different games and sing songs when it's time to learn math. This lets your child associate math with fun and they will be willing to learn. Some parents would use flash cards to teach their baby...

Healthy school fundraising is not impossible. In fact there are more healthy fundraisers available than those that would be considered unhealthy. Schools that are very concerned about healthy eating habits might want to avoid cookie and candy bar sales - especially during the school day and on school property. It does not take a rocket scientist to understand the temptation to kids if you offer freshly baked chocolate chip cookies during the school day. The thought process is that students rightfully misunderstand the school or school group that preaches the importance of good health and then sells unhealthy foods to raise money for what tell you is a good cause. It is true that cookies and...

If you are looking for printable worksheets for your preschool child, the array of choices can be a little intimidating. You may just be looking for a few pages to keep your child occupied with something more constructive than yet another half hour in front of the TV, or you may feel it's time you started helping your child learn the basic skills she or he will need for school. Whatever your motivation for looking for worksheets for preschool, there are a few points to consider before you decide which ones you want. 1. Education vs Time Filler If your goal is to provide learning opportunities for your child, you will want more than a few pictures to color in, although this is an important skill to...

Managing preschoolers is often perceived as an easy task, but on the contrary, it is hard yet challenging. There are a lot of trials like unreasonable complaints, slow learners, hyperactive kids and the like. The school has to balance all of these things to maintain its good reputation. Every school aims to develop the student's skills and the way they relate with others. The school is one of the agents of socialization and is branded as the child's home. It is a venue for the child to express his feelings freely and to explore and discover new things. The teachers are there not just to facilitate simply but to facilitate creatively, because the child cannot cope up easily without creativity as one...

Back to school activities should do one of two things: They should help you get ready to go back to school, or should celebrate the fun of summer and the enjoyment of having taken some time off. Here is a look at a few fun back to school activities: Personalizing your gear: One of the back to school activities kids love the most is personalizing their back to school supplies and gear. What you need for this activity is a lot of arts and crafts supplies, folders, pencil cases, plain colored lunchboxes and backpacks. You will want your craft supplies to include a sewing kit, glue gun, fabric markers, stickers, scrapbooking stuff, etc. Basically, for this activity the kids should be given their school...

As I shook sand out of my flat strappy sandals after being on the playground yesterday, I remembered a golden preschool rule - no open shoes on the playground! I've preached this to my students' parents for years, but somehow my love for my Grecian sandals got the better of my judgment. As you plan for school, it's important to consider the right clothing for your child to wear. Of course, clothes should be comfortable, allowing the children to play freely, without worrying about their outfits. Naturally, your kids will get dirty in preschool - that's part of the fun! If the thought of paint on a collar or scuffed knees from a fall on the playground concerns you, that's not the right school outfit...

Camping, like no other activity, has a significant impact on a child's life. It's important that parents learn how to make informed decisions when choosing an outdoor activity. There are quite a lot of issues to consider prior to locating a perfect camp for your children. Summer camps in Brooklyn offer children opportunities to learn, develop physically and make new friends. Only careful planning may ensure that your child's experience in a summer camp will be memorable and enjoyable. Instructions 1. Get your child involved, if he/she is of appropriate age, in choosing a summer day camp. 2. Try to determine the needs of your child adequately. Mind that all children are different and thus they all...

Light up your child's face with all their favorite big truck DVD's about trains, fire trucks, dirt trucks, construction trucks, tractors, and other big truck videos. By selecting truck videos that educate, teach, and inspire your child's fascination's about trucks will turn to actual knowledge and confidence as you discuss it with them. If you have ever noticed the face of a child as he or she passes by a big construction truck, tractor, or other metal monster on the side of the road, you have seen their faces light up in curiosity. They have a natural tendency to want to look at and learn more about these big machines they pass by every day or every once in a while. You'll often hear them start to...

Yesterday I met with the Sustainability Manager of the Hobsonville Land Company (HLC), Katja Leitz to discuss our renewed plans to relocate the Hobsonville North Kindy. The HLC have kept the kindy well informed regarding the deadline for the closure of the kindy (at least in its current location). They raised the requirement for the kindy to be vacated from its existing site with the AKA some 2.5yrs ago!  If the AKA were truly concerned about the future of this kindy, they would have acted with more urgency and passion 2.5 years ago and we might not be in the position we are in now. Katja reiterated that from a development point of view, retaining a kindy in the area would be ideal. The HLC have...

  Anyone who has ever had the pleasure to go on a family camping trip will want to pass that fun to the next generation. If you haven't experienced a camping trip with a little one, don't fret. There is plenty to do for the preschooler. Children are like little sponges when it comes to learning and every trip into the campground can be a learning experience for both your child and yourself. As you pack for your trip, plan to bring along some of their favorite things that won't be destroyed. You may search for a recipe for homemade play dough so they can make little things with the help of the leaves and sticks they pick up along the way. The dough can be left behind, because the homemade variety is...

Self esteem worksheets are some of the best tools to use to increase your self esteem. If you have a low self esteem then you should be at least checking out some of the many worksheets that can easily be found online. With their help you will become a person that trust itself and that other also trust. You know that people will always trust someone who trusts himself, don't you? There are so many persons today that are just wasting their lives away because they are too afraid that others won't like them and so they hang along in their own homes. They are too afraid to come outside and talk to other people and live life as it should be lived: with passion and excitement. If you feel that your self...

Here are 10 important things you should know if you are considering Waldorf schools for your preschool and early elementary child: 1) Developed by Rudolph Steiner in 1919, Waldorf programs aim to educate the whole child - "head, heart and hands." 2) Classrooms are warm and homey, creative play is the order of the day, with a strong dose of teamwork and community. 3) The teacher stays with the same class from preschool through eighth grade, which leads to a strong relationship where the teacher truly knows your child. 4) Learning is hands on, through cooking, art projects, storytelling, singing, puppet shows, dress up and play. 5) Academics are not emphasized in the early years, with reading...

Children in today's society seem to be much more pampered and less responsible than they were a few decades ago. They also seemed to have lost much of the value system that most of us took for granted growing up. By examining the roles of children in the past, we may be able to trace the source of the problems that we are having with today's troubled youth. In olden days, children were treated as small adults and given many of the same responsibilities that were shouldered by their parents. Youngsters worked side by side with their parents in the fields as soon as they could walk. Children serving as soldiers were not uncommon in some countries. Marriages took place when a person was approximately...

Unlike 15 years ago, the kids games that are available today are failing to contribute towards the education of our children. Games like battleships and monopoly were common, and although more fun than educationally-focused, they still instilled a reasonable degree of learning. Monopoly made you calculate figures in your head and about how to best use that money, whilst battleships helped with memory retention. Today however, has taken a turn for the worse. While there are some excellent kid's educational games available in shops around the world, there is far greater market emphasis on games that involve watching a computer/television screen. Yes, computer games like Xbox and Nintendo are consuming...

Children's playgrounds have come a long way from just swing sets and monkey bars. Playgrounds feature things like rock climbing walls, wave slides, crawl tunnels, cubby houses. Playground creators have thought of everything to entertain and satisfy a child's curiosity. One of the greatest things of playgrounds is the developmental benefits they offer children. Playgrounds allow children to play freely, which helps mental and emotional development. When children are allowed free play in a structured environment like a playground, they are able to use their imagination and be spontaneous, which is an essential tool for developing a strong sense of well being. When setting up a new playground you...

Some of the common complaints that people have is the amount of stress they really feel of their lives. Analysis has proven that folks feel extra stress right now than they did 20 years ago. Where is all this stress coming from? Some of the obvious causes of stress is figure however people are feeling stress from their household life, over cash issues, and just from being overly stretched out. So the place does one go to seek out some stress aid? Being knowledgeable about stress can instantly make you are feeling somewhat bit better and a lot less alone. Read in regards to the newest research on stress and you抣l be shocked at how many people really feel stress of their lives. In truth, it's not...

The best children's gardens are those that have the play areas integrated into the larger garden, as well as providing hiding places for kids (that you can still see, of course). Try making a teepee out of long poles and twine that can then be covered by climbing plants. Or you could create a "room" by planting a circle of plants of flowers with an opening in the middle. Some child sized furniture in the middle will really top it off. Kids love to use the garden so don't make it difficult for them to do so. Place a container outside that can hold all of their toys such as skipping ropes, balls, and sports equipment. A well-maintained lawn is a must and an area of the garden that the kids will always...

Overreacting to stressful situations is a form of "self-sabotage" that causes emotional stress. Everyone experiences stress; sometimes the way we react to stress amounts to self-sabotage! We've all found ourselves impatient with people or taking our frustrations out on others, or causing unnecessary conflicts because stress is clouding our judgment. And while some people find themselves creating this type of drama in their lives occasionally, others make this self-sabotage a way of life, continually creating additional emotional stress for themselves without being aware of their own role in this! The following are some of the most common ways that people create stress in their own lives. Carefully...

Even babies can recognize the difference between a circle and square, using their sight and sense of touch to distinguish between them. However, learning the names of the different shapes is not an inborn ability, but it is a necessary step in your preschooler's education. Children need to learn the names of shapes so that they can identify them verbally and in writing and compare the various shapes and how they are used. These are basic skills that they will use for the rest of their lives. Learning shapes helps your child identify objects as well as letters. Letters are made up of circles, triangles and lines - think of the circles in b, d, g, p, q, or the parts of a triangle found in k, v and w...

There are a lot of things to do with graduation tassels aside from hanging it onto the mirror of your car. Tassel tiebacks are elegant looking and attractive way to add to your draperies and curtains to make them look fascinating and also to secure them from one side to another. This will also control the coming of light into any room inside your home. Tassels are lovely and attractive; they also come in widest range of cords, colours, and designs. You can also add beads to them if you want. They can also be mixed and matched with your other home décor; they can add rich touch to your furniture, bookcase, celling fans, and door and cabinet knobs. They can also be a perfect decorative tie to your...

A playground never fails to delight a kid. Playground equipments though essentially remain the same as they were years ago but have improved greatly in terms of style, variety, colors and most importantly safety. They are now available in better designs and are more attractive. Read on to find out more. Even with the advent of many new forms of entertainment for children like TV where they can watch their favorite cartoons, video games and electronic toys, one thing that never fails to catch a kid's attention is the playground. No matter how many toys they have, playing in a playground cannot be substituted for anything, either in terms of the fun it offers or in terms of the positive effects on...

Research has validated the top 15 factors needed in our lives to create a successful retirement. Each of us will find some if not all of these factors will need our attention before we can transition into a phase of life that fulfills those long awaited expectations and desires. I have identified over my many years of work as an HR professional, and now as a retirement coach, there is one ALL-IMPORTANT factor you must address, either before or at least early in our retirement, to assure a successful emotional adjustment to retirement. Replacing work satisfiers. For most of us, our work gave us a sense of ego-security knowing we are "somebody". We have to replace those satisfiers we unconsciously...

217;s time for preschool! That’s the easy part. The hard part is deciding which preschool is best for you and for your child. Plan on spending some time doing your homework. The payoff is worth it. Here are some important tips to keep in mind as you do. 1. Visit the preschool. It may take a couple of hours but it will be time well-spent. 2. Take time to visit with the teacher(s). Ask questions. What is the philosophy of the preschool? Is it academic-based, or play-based? Do they incorporate more than one way of teaching into their curriculum? Children learn in different ways, and every child can benefit from the repetition of several different learning methods being used for the same concept...